Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena.The opposite of suffering is pleasure or happiness.. Suffering is often categorized as physical or mental.

Sep 04, 2012 · As we have seen, in almost all treatments of beauty, even the most apparently object or objectively-oriented, there is a moment in which the subjective qualities of the experience of beauty are emphasized: rhapsodically, perhaps, or in terms of pleasure or ataraxia, as in Schopenhauer. For example, we have already seen Plotinus, for whom beauty ...

May 28, 2018 · 系统中的一个模块需要频繁的获取系统时间，使用linux中内置的函数开销过大，因为需要的精度不是很高（毫秒级），索性用signal函数配合setitimer实现了个简易的全局时钟。但是后来发现，SIGALRM的中断信号回终止sleep，因为sleep就是用SIGALRM信号量实现的，得另想 …

Modern Morality and Ancient Ethics. It is commonly supposed that there is a vital difference between ancient ethics and modern morality. For example, there appears to be a vital difference between virtue ethics and the modern moralities of deontological ethics (Kantianism) and consequentialism (utilitarianism).

Jan 05, 2021 · Epicurus might respond that the inevitability of suffering actually makes ataraxia more appealing.Accepting the inevitable, while trying to minimise its harm, is the only way to live.

Jan 10, 2005 · The philosophy of Epicurus (341–270 B.C.E.) was a complete and interdependent system, involving a view of the goal of human life (happiness, resulting from absence of physical pain and mental disturbance), an empiricist theory of knowledge (sensations, together with the perception of pleasure and pain, are infallible criteria), a description of nature based on …

On Certainty is a series of notes made by Ludwig Wittgenstein just prior to his death. The main theme of the work is that context plays a role in epistemology. Wittgenstein asserts an anti-foundationalist message throughout the work: that every claim can be doubted but certainty is possible in a framework. "The function [propositions] serve in language is to serve as a kind of …

La ataxia (del griego a-que significa "negativo" o "sin" y taxiā que significa "orden") es un signo clínico que se caracteriza por provocar la descoordinación en el movimiento de las partes del cuerpo de cualquier animal, incluido el ser humano.Esta descoordinación puede afectar a los dedos y manos, a los brazos y piernas, al cuerpo, al habla, a los movimientos oculares, al …

Lúcio Aneu Séneca (português europeu) ou Sêneca (português brasileiro) (em latim: Lucius Annaeus Seneca; Corduba, ca. 4 a.C. – Roma, 65) foi um filósofo estoico e um dos mais célebres advogados, escritores e intelectuais do Império Romano. [1] Conhecido também como Séneca (ou Sêneca), o Moço, o Filósofo, ou ainda, o Jovem, sua obra literária e filosófica, tida como …

Fusis, Phusis or Physis (/ ˈ f aɪ ˈ s ɪ s /; Ancient Greek: φύσις) is a Greek philosophical, theological, and scientific term, usually translated into English—according to its Latin translation "natura"—as "nature".The term originated in ancient Greek philosophy, and was later used in Christian theology and Western philosophy.In pre-Socratic usage, physis was contrasted with ...