11世紀の歴史 イスラム圏. 11世紀は、西アジアでトルコ系のイスラム王朝のガズニ朝やセルジューク朝の台頭が著しく、前者は北インドに侵入しインドのイスラム化の契機をつくり、後者は東ローマ帝国を打ち破って、小アジアにまで勢力を伸ばした。 北アフリカのモロッコ近辺ではム …

Lex mercatoria (from the Latin for "merchant law"), often referred to as "the Law Merchant" in English, is the body of commercial law used by merchants throughout Europe [disputed – discuss] during the medieval period. It evolved similar to English common law as a system of custom and best practice, which was enforced through a system of merchant courts along the main trade …

The Third Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt began with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC, which ended the New Kingdom, and was eventually followed by the Late Period.Various points are offered as the beginning for the latter era, though it is most often regarded as dating from the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I in 664 BC, following the …

また10世紀後半から11世紀に掛けて頻発した高麗軍の入寇のうち、1019年の刀伊の入寇において対馬、九州の大宰府を襲った「刀伊」（朝鮮語で外様を意味する）という海賊集団は、女真系の一部族が主体だったと考えられている 。刀伊の構成員については ...