Following the death in 1128 of Toghtekin, atabeg of Damascus, a power vacuum threatened to open Syria to renewed Crusader aggression. Zengi became atabeg of Mosul in 1127 and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was formally invested as their ruler by the Sultan Mahmud II.

Sinjar (Arabic: سنجار, romanized: Sinjār; Kurdish: شنگال, romanized: Şingal, Syriac: ܫܝܓܪ, romanized: Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq.It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains.Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023, and is predominantly Yazidi.

These are generally secondary titles, either lofty 'poetry' or with a message, e.g.: Mani Sultan – Manney Sultan (meaning the "Pearl of Rulers" or "Honoured Monarch") – a subsidiary title, part of the full style of the Maharaja of Travancore; Sultan of Sultans – the sultanic equivalent of the style King of Kings; Certain secondary titles have a devout Islamic connotation; e.g., Sultan ul ...

Etymology. The word entered English from Turkish bey, itself derived from Old Turkic beg, which – in the form bäg – has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. ...

Wali est la transcription de deux mots arabes proches qui partagent la même racine (WLY) et qui signifient gouverner ou être proche de : . wāli (arabe : wāl in والٍ pl. wulāt وُلاة)°: préfet ; gouverneur ; proconsul ; vice-roi ;; walîy (arabe : walīy وَليّ pl. ʾawlyāʾ أَوْلِياء)°: protecteur ; saint patron ; ami de Dieu ; tuteur ; celui qui sert de guide ...

Raja (/ ˈ r ɑː dʒ ɑː /; from Sanskrit: राजन्, IAST rājan-) is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs.The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia.. The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan-is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

Le jardin Majorelle (ⵓⵔⵜⵉ ⵎⴰⵊⵓⵔⵉⵍ, en berbère, حديقة ماجوريل, en arabe) est un jardin botanique touristique d'environ 300 espèces sur près d' 1 hectare (10 000 m 2), une villa Art déco labellisée Maisons des Illustres depuis 2011, et un musée de l'Histoire des Berbères, à Marrakech au Maroc.. Le jardin est baptisé du nom de son fondateur, l'artiste ...

Un bey est un titre turc désignant à l'origine un « chef de clan ». Historiquement, de nombreux chefs ottomans (turcs, perses, albanais ou nord-africains) furent appelés bey, beg ou bek.. Le beylicat désigne à la fois le pouvoir et le territoire (beylik) sur lequel s'exerce le pouvoir du bey.Il s'agit du même mot désignant un chef, qui apparaît aussi dans les titres militaires de ...

Raynald of Châtillon (French: Renaud; c. 1125 – 4 July 1187), also known as Reynald or Reginald, was a Crusader knight of French origin but also Prince of Antioch from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain from 1175 until his death. He was born the second son of a French noble family. After losing a part of his patrimony, he joined the Second Crusade in 1147.

Gli atabeg come gli Zengidi e gli Artuqidi sottostavano solo nominalmente al sultano selgiuchide, e in pratica controllavano la Siria in modo indipendente. Quando Ahmed Sanjar morì l'impero si fratturò ancora di più e gli atabeg si resero effettivamente indipendenti. Selgiuchidi Khorasani in Khorasan e Transoxiana. Capitale: Merv ...