WebThe Netherlands Indies gulden was the unit of account of the Dutch East Indies from 1602 under the United East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC), following Dutch practice first adopted in the 15th century (gulden coins were not minted in the Netherlands between 1558 and 1681 and none circulated in the Indies until a century …

WebThe fiscus Iudaicus or Judaicus (Latin for "Jewish tax") was a tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple in AD 70. Revenues were directed to the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in Rome.. The tax measure improved Rome's finances and also worked as a deterrent against proselytizing. Those who paid …

WebMustard is a condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white/yellow mustard, Sinapis alba; brown mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra).. The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar, lemon juice, wine, or other liquids, salt, and often other flavorings and spices, to create a paste …

WebThe florin (German: Gulden, Hungarian: forint, Croatian: forinta/florin, Czech: zlatý) was the currency of the lands of the House of Habsburg between 1754 and 1892 (known as the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867 and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy after 1867), when it was replaced by the Austro-Hungarian crown as part of the introduction of the gold …

WebHelene Caroline Therese (4 April 1834 – 16 May 1890), nicknamed Néné, was the Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis as the wife of Maximilian Anton Lamoral.She was a Duchess in Bavaria by birth as the daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph and Princess Ludovika.She was temporarily the head of the Thurn and Taxis family.. Helene’s maternal …

WebLuzern gulden – Luzern; Netherlands Antillean gulden – Netherlands Antilles; Netherlands Indian gulden – Netherlands Indies; Neuchâtel gulden – Neuchâtel; Schwyz gulden – Schwyz; South German gulden – Baden, Bavaria, Frankfurt, Hohenzollern, Württemberg and other states; Surinamese gulden – Suriname; West New Guinean gulden ...

WebCoins. In 1986, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents and 1 and 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 florin. Later, the 5 florin banknote was replaced by a square coin and the 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 florin coin was removed from circulation. The 5 florin was replaced in 2005 with a round gold-coloured coin, because the old square 5 florin coin was too easy to counterfeit.

WebGuilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German gulden, originally shortened from Middle High German guldin pfenninc "gold penny".This was the term that became current in the southern and western parts of the Holy Roman Empire for the Fiorino d'oro (introduced in 1252). Hence, the name has often been interchangeable with florin …

WebThe term florin was borrowed elsewhere in Europe. A variant of the florin was the Rheingulden, minted by several German states encompassing the commercial centers of the Rhein River valley, under a series of monetary conventions starting in 1354, initially at a standard practically identical to the Florentine florin (98% gold, 3.54 grams).By 1419, the …

WebLouis IV (German: Ludwig; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328.. Louis' election as king of Germany in 1314 was controversial, as his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Fair was simultaneously elected king by a separate …