The first use of the term "Byzantine" to label the later years of the Roman Empire was in 1557, 104 years after the empire's collapse, when the German historian Hieronymus Wolfpublished his work Corpus Historiæ

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Early history
By the third century AD, the Roman army had conquered many territories covering the Mediterranean region and coastal regions in

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In the Byzantine state, the emperor was the sole and absolute ruler, and his power was regarded as having divine origin. From Justinian I on, the emperor was considered nomos empsychos, the "living law", both lawgiver and administrator. The Senatehad ceased to have real

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The writings of Classical antiquitywere cultivated and extended in Byzantium. Therefore, Byzantine science was in every period closely connected

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Religion
The Byzantine Empire was a theocracy, said to be ruled by Godworking through the Emperor. Jennifer Fretland VanVoorst argues, "The Byzantine Empire became a theocracy in the sense that Christian values and ideals were the

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The Byzantine economy was among the most advanced in Europe and the Mediterraneanfor many centuries. Europe, in particular, could not

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Byzantium has been often identified with absolutism, orthodox spirituality, orientalism and exoticism, while the terms "Byzantine" and

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