Circassian may refer to: . Circassia, a formerly independent country located in present-day European Russia . Circassian coast, on the Black Sea; Circassians, also known as Adyghe people . Circassian diaspora; Circassian language, a Northwest Caucasian language or subgroup of languages; Other uses. USS Circassian, a Union Navy steamship in the American Civil War ...

The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of 80–97% of the Circassian population, around 800,000–1,500,000 people, during and after the Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864). The peoples planned for removal were mainly the Circassians, but other Muslim peoples of the Caucasus were also affected.