Consociation was first discussed in the 17th century New England Confederation. It described the interassociation and cooperation of the participant self-governing Congregational churches of the various colonial … 查看更多內容

In a consociational state, all groups, including minorities, are represented on the political and economic stages. Supporters of the consociationalism argue that it is a more realistic option in deeply divided societies than integrationist approaches to 查看更多內容

Brian Barry
Brian Barry has questioned the nature of the divisions that exist in the countries that Lijphart considers to be "classic cases" of consociational democracies. For example, he makes the case that in the Swiss example, … 查看更多內容

Lijphart identifies four key characteristics of consociational democracies:
Consociational policies often have these characteristics:
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Lijphart also identifies a number of "favourable conditions" under which consociationalism is likely to be successful. He has changed the specification of … 查看更多內容

While Lijphart's initial theory drew primarily from Western European democracies in its formulation of consociationalism, it has gained immense traction in post-conflict state-building contexts in the past decades. This development has been reflected in the expansion of … 查看更多內容

The political systems of a number of countries operate or used to operate on a consociational basis, including Belgium, Italy 查看更多內容