Classical antiquity
The proposal that one type of organism could descend from another type goes back to some of the first pre-Socratic Greek philosophers, such as Anaximander and Empedocles.

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Evolution in organisms occurs through changes in heritable traits—the inherited characteristics of an organism. In humans, for example, eye colouris an inherited characteristic and an individual might inherit the "brown-eye trait" from one of their parents. Inherited

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Evolution can occur if there is genetic variation within a population. Variation comes from mutations in the genome, reshuffling of genes through sexual reproductionand

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Evolution influences every aspect of the form and behaviour of organisms. Most prominent are the specific behavioural and physical adaptations that are the outcome of natural selection. These adaptations increase fitness by aiding activities such as finding food, avoiding

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Origin of life
The Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, during the

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Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.
Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms. This has been used for thousands of years in the

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From a neo-Darwinianperspective, evolution occurs when there are changes in the frequencies of alleles within a population of

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