The pronunciamiento by Martínez Campos established Alfonso XII as king, marking the end of the First Spanish Republic.After this, the Constitution of 1876 was written and enforced during the whole restoration. This constitution established Spain as a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature (Cortes Generales), consisting of an upper house (), and a lower house …

Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.A constitution hallmark of Spanish liberalism was proclaimed in 1812. Spain was divided between the liberal ideas and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only …

People have lived in Spain since the Stone Age.Later, the Roman Empire controlled Spain for about five hundred years; then as the Roman Empire broke up, groups of Germanic people including Visigoths moved in and took control.. Moorish occupation. In 711, the Umayyads took over, and later groups from North Africa, called the Moors.At first the Moors ruled most of …