WebThe precursor to modern Polish is the Old Polish language.Ultimately, Polish descends from the unattested Proto-Slavic language. Polish was a lingua franca from 1500 to 1700 in Central and parts of Eastern Europe, because of the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.. The Book of Henryków …

WebPolish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language.The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics.: 6 The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent …

WebThe turkey is a large species of bird in the genus Meleagris, native to North America.There are two extant turkey species: the wild turkey (M. gallopavo) of eastern and central North America and the ocellated turkey (M. ocellata) of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. This photograph, taken at Deer Island Preserve in Novato, California, depicts a male Rio …

WebBraille was based on a tactile code, now known as night writing, developed by Charles Barbier. (The name "night writing" was later given to it when it was considered as a means for soldiers to communicate silently at night and without a light source, but Barbier's writings do not use this term and suggest that it was originally designed as a simpler form of …

WebPolish retains the Old Slavic system of cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives.There are seven cases: nominative (mianownik), genitive (dopełniacz), dative (celownik), accusative (biernik), instrumental (narzędnik), locative (miejscownik), and vocative (wołacz). Number. Polish has two number classes: singular and plural.. It used to also have the dual …

WebA refreshable braille display or braille terminal is an electro-mechanical device for displaying braille characters, usually by means of round-tipped pins raised through holes in a flat surface. Visually impaired computer users who cannot use a standard computer monitor can use it to read text output. Deafblind computer users may also use refreshable …

WebLetters. There are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet: 9 vowels and 23 consonants.. The letters q, v, and x are not used in any native Polish words and are mostly found in foreign words (such as place names) and commercial names. In loanwords they are usually replaced by k, w, and ks, respectively (as in nikab 'niqab', kwark 'quark', weranda …

WebThe Polish vowel system consists of six oral sounds. Traditionally, it was also said to include two nasal monophthongs, with Polish considered the last Slavic language that had preserved nasal sounds that existed in Proto-Slavic.However, recent sources present for modern Polish a vowel system without nasal vowel phonemes, including only the …

WebQuotation marks (also known as quotes, quote marks, speech marks, inverted commas, or talking marks) are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to set off direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase.The pair consists of an opening quotation mark and a closing quotation mark, which may or may not be the same character. ...

WebEnglish Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, is the braille alphabet used for English.It consists of around 250 letters (), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations ().Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , correspond to more than one letter in print.. There are three levels of complexity in English Braille.