Research history
In the 13th century the category of reptile was recognized in Europe as consisting of a miscellany of egg-laying creatures, including "snakes, various fantastic monsters, lizards,

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Origin of the reptiles
The origin of the reptiles lies about 310–320 million years ago, in the steaming swamps of the late Carboniferousperiod,

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Circulation
All lepidosaurs and turtles have a three-chambered heart consisting of two atria, one variably partitioned ventricle, and two aortas that lead to the systemic circulation. The degree of mixing of oxygenatedand deoxygenated blood in the

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In cultures and religions
Dinosaurs have been widely depicted in culture since the English palaeontologist Richard Owen coined the name dinosaur in 1842. As soon as 1854, the Crystal Palace Dinosaurswere on display to the public in south London. One

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• List of reptiles
• Lists of reptiles by region
• Reptiles portal

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• Colbert, Edwin H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-16466-1.
• Landberg, Tobias; Mailhot, Jeffrey; Brainerd, Elizabeth (2003).

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Many small reptiles, such as snakes and lizards that live on the ground or in the water, are vulnerable to being preyed on by all kinds of carnivorous animals. Thus avoidanceis

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