Buddhism (Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), specifically Theravāda Buddhism (Burmese: ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), is practiced by nearly 90% of the population of Myanmar, and is predominantly of the Theravada tradition. It is the most religious Buddhist country in terms of the proportion of monks in the population and proportion of income spent on religion.

Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia is rooted in Ceylonese Buddhism that traveled from Sri Lanka to Burma and later to lower Thailand.. The Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha are the three fundamental aspects of Theravāda Buddhist thought. The Buddha is the teacher of gods and men. The Dhamma consists of the teachings of the Buddha.

Il buddhismo theravāda (pāli: थेरवाद, theravāda; sanscrito: स्थविरवाद, sthaviravāda, letteralmente "scuola degli anziani") è la forma di buddhismo dominante nell'Asia meridionale e nel Sud-est asiatico, in modo particolare in Sri Lanka, Thailandia, Cambogia, Birmania e Laos, ma vi sono minoranze di buddhisti theravāda anche in Bangladesh, India, Cina e Vietnam.