Economy. History. The duchy of Upper Bavaria was created for the first time with the First Bavarian partition in 1255 under duke Louis II, but there was no exact correlation between this duchy and the current territory.After the reunification in 1340 Bavaria was divided again in 1349, and in 1392 the duchies Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt were created in Upper Bavaria.

The Electorate of Bavaria (German: Kurfürstentum Bayern) was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1623 to 1806, when it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Bavaria.. The Wittelsbach dynasty which ruled the Duchy of Bavaria was the younger branch of the family which also ruled the Electorate of the Palatinate.The head of the elder branch was …

Maximilian I (17 April 1573 – 27 September 1651), occasionally called the Great, a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1597. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War during which he obtained the title of a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire at the 1623 Diet of Regensburg.. Maximilian was a capable monarch who, by overcoming the feudal …

Upper Saxon (German: Obersächsisch, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌzɛksɪʃ]; Upper Saxon: [ɵːb̥oˤˈsɛɡ̊sʃ]) is an East Central German language spoken in much of the modern German state of Saxony and in adjacent parts of southeastern Saxony-Anhalt and eastern Thuringia.As of the early 21st century, it's mostly extinct and a new regiolect (also known as obersächsische Umgangssprache) has ...

Ludwig I or Louis I (German: Ludwig I.; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states.When he was crown prince, he was involved in the Napoleonic Wars.As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialization, initiating the Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube.In 1835, the first German railway was …

Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. In the 1920s he …

Lotharingia (Latin: regnum Lotharii, regnum Lothariense, Lotharingia; French: Lotharingie; German: Reich des Lothar, Lotharingien, Mittelreich; Dutch: Lotharingen) was a short-lived medieval successor kingdom of the Carolingian Empire.As a more durable later duchy of the Ottonian Empire, it comprised present-day Lorraine (France), Luxembourg, Saarland …

The German Bundesrat (lit. Federal Council; pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁaːt]) is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder (federated states) of Germany at the federal level (German: Bundesebene).The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin.Its second seat is located in the former West German capital of Bonn.. The Bundesrat participates in …

Helene Caroline Therese (4 April 1834 – 16 May 1890), nicknamed Néné, was the Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis as the wife of Maximilian Anton Lamoral.She was a Duchess in Bavaria by birth as the daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph and Princess Ludovika.She was temporarily the head of the Thurn and Taxis family.. Helene’s maternal aunt, Princess Sophie …

The Bavarian Military Merit Order (German: Militär-Verdienstorden) was established on 19 July 1866 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria.It was the kingdom's main decoration for bravery and military merit for officers and higher-ranking officials. Civilians acting in support of the army were also made eligible for the decoration.