List of unsolved problems may refer to several notable conjectures or open problems in various academic fields:

The word science has been used in Middle English since the 14th century in the sense of "the state of knowing". The word was borrowed from the Anglo-Norman language as the suffix -cience, which was borrowed from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge, awareness, understanding".It is a noun derivative of the Latin sciens meaning "knowing", and undisputedly …

Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine.Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict events in the natural world.

Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory, and theoretical linguistics.Whereas the natural sciences and social sciences seek to characterize …

Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) 'house', and -λογία () 'study of') is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences of biogeography, …

Historical materialism is the term used to describe Karl Marx's theory of history. Marx locates historical change in the rise of class societies and the way humans labor together to make their livelihoods. For Marx and his lifetime collaborator, Engels, the ultimate cause and moving power of historical events are to be found in the economic development of society and the social and …

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a broad term used to group together these academic disciplines.This term is typically used to address an education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns (as a shortage of STEM-educated citizens can reduce effectiveness in this area) and …

Det naturliga urvalet är en delprocess i evolutionen. Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley och Alfred Russell Wallace, som forskade fram olika sätt av arternas utveckling, lade båda fram mycket likartade teorier hur det naturliga urvalet som förklaring till de observerade skillnaderna mellan olika arter.Det naturliga urvalet sammanfattas ofta med frasen "de bäst anpassades …

Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. It encompasses practices such as publishing open …

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J/K).. Heat capacity is an extensive property.The corresponding intensive property is the specific heat capacity, found by dividing the heat capacity of an …