In the 1980s and early 1990s, when the 8088 and 80286 were still in common use, the term x86 usually represented any 8086-compatible CPU. Today, however, x86 usually implies a binary compatibility also with the

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Other manufacturers
At various times, companies such as IBM, VIA, NEC, AMD, TI, STM, Fujitsu, OKI, Siemens, Cyrix, Intersil, C&T, NexGen, UMC, and DM&Pstarted to design or

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The x86 architecture is a variable instruction length, primarily "CISC" design with emphasis on backward compatibility. The instruction set is not

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During execution, current x86 processors employ a few extra decoding steps to split most instructions into smaller pieces called micro-operations. These are then handed to a control unitthat buffers and schedules them in compliance with x86-semantics so that they

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Addressing modes for 16-bit processor modes can be summarized by the formula:
Addressing modes for 32-bit x86 processor modes can be summarized by the formula:

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16-bit
The original Intel 8086 and 8088 have fourteen 16-bitregisters. Four of them (AX, BX, CX, DX) are general

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Minicomputers during the late 1970s were running up against the 16-bit 64-KB address limit, as memory had become cheaper. Some minicomputers like the PDP-11used

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