The town was fortified in the 1550s by the Order of Saint John. Most of its fortifications including Fort Saint Michael were dismantled in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the walls sustained damage in World War II. However, some still survive to this day, including the impressive seaward bastions and part of the land front. Valletta

A madrigal is a form of secular vocal music most typical of the Renaissance (15th–16th c.) and early Baroque (1600–1750) periods, although revisited by some later European composers. The polyphonic madrigal is unaccompanied, and the number of voices varies from two to eight, but usually features three to six voices, whilst the metre of the madrigal varies between two or …

The naval history of Japan began with early interactions with states on the Asian continent in the 3rd century BCE during the Yayoi period.It reached a pre-modern peak of activity during the 16th century, a time of cultural exchange with European powers and extensive trade with the Asian continent. After over two centuries of self-imposed seclusion under the Tokugawa shogunate, …

The name Việt Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation: [viə̀t naːm], chữ Hán: 越南) is a variation of Nam Việt (南越; literally "Southern Việt"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty of the second century BC. The term "Việt" (Yue) (Chinese: 越; pinyin: Yuè; Cantonese Yale: Yuht; Wade–Giles: Yüeh 4; Vietnamese: Việt) in Early Middle Chinese was first written ...

Culture. Early Spanish and French sources referred to the tribe, its chief town, and its chief as Calos, Calus, Caalus, and Carlos. Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a Spaniard held captive by the Calusa in the 16th century, recorded that Calusa meant "fierce people" in their language. By the early 19th century, Anglo-Americans in the area used the term Calusa for the people.

The second millennium of the Anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1001 to 2000 (11th to 20th centuries; in astronomy: JD 2 086 667.5 – 2 451 909.5).. It encompassed the High and Late Middle Ages of the Old World, the Islamic Golden Age and the period of Renaissance, followed by the Early Modern period, characterized by the Wars of …

The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e., what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the French departments of Nord (French Flanders and French Hainaut) and Pas-de-Calais ().Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly …

Quetzalcoatl (/ ˌ k ɛ t s əl k oʊ ˈ æ t əl /, / ˌ k w ɛ t s əl k oʊ ˈ ɑː t əl ˌ-ˈ k w ɑː t əl /; Spanish: Quetzalcóatl pronounced [ketsalˈkoatl] (); Classical Nahuatl: Quetzalcōātl [ket͡saɬˈkoːaːt͡ɬ] (Modern Nahuatl pronunciation Listen (help · info)), in honorific form: Quetzalcōātzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the ...

Antiquity. Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum (modern: Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul.Due to its strategic position, the city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus and served as the capital of the Roman province Gallia Lugdunensis.The town grew considerably and for 300 years after its foundation Lugdunum was the most important city in …

The Roman triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the success of a military commander who had led Roman forces to victory in the service of the state or in some historical traditions, one who had successfully completed a foreign war.. On the day of his triumph, the general wore a crown of laurel and an all-purple, …

The four kingdoms Historical background. The Book of Daniel originated from a collection of legends circulating in the Jewish community in Babylon and Mesopotamia in the Persian and early Hellenistic periods (5th to 3rd centuries BC), and was later expanded by the visions of chapters 7–12 in the Maccabean era (mid-2nd century).. The "four kingdoms" theme appears explicitly in …

The heart symbol is an ideograph used to express the idea of the "heart" in its metaphorical or symbolic sense. Represented by an anatomically inaccurate shape, the heart symbol is often used to represent the center of emotion, including affection and love, especially romantic love.It is sometimes accompanied or superseded by the "wounded heart" symbol, depicted as a heart …

Castration is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an individual loses use of the testicles: the male gonad.Surgical castration is bilateral orchiectomy (excision of both testicles), while chemical castration uses pharmaceutical drugs to deactivate the testes. Castration causes sterilization (preventing the castrated person or animal from reproducing); it also greatly …

History The relic in India. According to Sri Lankan legends, when the Buddha died in 543 BC, his body was cremated in a sandalwood pyre at Kushinagar and his left canine tooth was retrieved from the funeral pyre by his disciple, Khema.Khema then gave it to King Brahmadatte for veneration. It became a royal possession in Brahmadatte's country and was kept in the city of …