William Alfred Fowler (9 August 1911 – 14 March 1995) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics.He is known for his theoretical and experimental research into nuclear reactions within stars and the energy elements produced in the process and was one of the authors of the influential B 2 FH …

Carrier recombination can happen through multiple relaxation channels. The main ones are band-to-band recombination, Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) trap-assisted recombination, Auger recombination and surface recombination. These decay channels can be separated into radiative and non-radiative. The latter occurs when the excess energy is converted into heat by phonon …

Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology and innovation.Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical areas San Mateo County and Santa Clara County. San Jose is Silicon Valley's largest city, the third-largest in California, and the tenth-largest in the United …

In 1955, William Shockley founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, funded by Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California; his plan was to develop a new type of "4-layer diode" that would work faster and have more uses than then-current transistors.At first he attempted to hire some of his former colleagues from Bell Labs, but none were willing to move to the West …

The basic principle of the field-effect transistor (FET) was first proposed by Austrian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1926, when he filed a patent for a device similar to MESFET and in 1928 when he filed a patent for an insulated-gate field-effect transistor. The FET concept was later also theorized by German engineer Oskar Heil in the 1930s and by William Shockley in the …

Transístor (português europeu) ou transistor (português brasileiro) é um dispositivo semicondutor usado para amplificar ou trocar sinais eletrônicos e potência elétrica. É composto de material semicondutor com pelo menos três terminais para conexão a um circuito externo. Uma tensão ou corrente aplicada a um par de terminais do transistor controla a corrente através de outro par …

This list of Nobel laureates by university affiliation shows the university affiliations of individual winners of the Nobel Prize since 1901 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences since 1969. The affiliations are those at the time of the Nobel Prize announcement. Different universities adopt different criteria—from generous to conservative—for claiming Nobel affiliates, which ...

Sir William Henry Bragg OM KBE PRS (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his son Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics: "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays". The mineral Braggite is named after him and his son.

El Instituto de Tecnología de California (en idioma inglés California Institute of Technology) o Caltech es una universidad privada situada en Pasadena (Estados Unidos).Es famosa por la calidad de sus estudios de ciencias naturales e ingeniería y porque es considerada en numerosos listados como una de las mejores universidades del mundo.

The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young Ph.D. graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced …

Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: محمد مصدق, IPA: [mohæmˈmæd(-e) mosædˈdeɢ] (); 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 16th Majlis. He was a member of the Iranian parliament from 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th …

Kenneth Winston Starr (July 21, 1946 – September 13, 2022) was an American lawyer and judge who authored the Starr Report, which led to the impeachment of Bill Clinton.He headed an investigation of members of the Clinton administration, known as the Whitewater controversy, from 1994 to 1998.Starr previously served as a federal appellate judge on the U.S. Court of …

Claude Elwood Shannon (30 de abril de 1916 - 24 de febrero de 2001) fue un matemático, ingeniero eléctrico y criptógrafo estadounidense recordado como «el padre de la teoría de la información». [1] [2] Shannon es reconocido por haber fundado el campo de la teoría de la información con la publicación Una teoría matemática de la comunicación, que supuso un hito …

William „Bill” Henry Gates III (wym. [ˈ w ɪ l j ə m b ɪ l ˈ h ɛ n ɹ ɪ g e ɪ ts]; ur.28 października 1955 w Seattle) – amerykański informatyk, przedsiębiorca, filantrop oraz współzałożyciel, główny architekt oprogramowania i były prezes zarządu korporacji Microsoft, którego pozostaje indywidualnym udziałowcem z ponad 9 procentami akcji zwykłych. ...