半總統制（英語： Semi-presidentialism ），又稱雙首長制、混合制，是一種同時具有總統制和內閣制（議會制）特徵的共和制 政體。 半總統制的總統作為國家元首有一些特殊的行政權力，一般而言其行政權力較總理大，較總理領導的內閣有相對較穩固的地位，但需通過內閣行使行政權。

Semipresidentialismi eli semipresidentiaalinen järjestelmä tai puolipresidentiaalinen järjestelmä on hallintomuoto, jossa on piirteitä parlamentarismista ja presidenttijohtoisesta järjestelmästä. Siinä presidentti ja pääministeri jakavat toimeenpanovallan ja hallintovallan. Kuten parlamentaarisessakin järjestelmässä ...

ระบอบกึ่งประธานาธิบดี หรือ ระบบกึ่งประธานาธิบดีกึ่ง ...

Mar 27, 2019 · General Overview. Among the landmark studies in the literature of semi-presidentialism, Elgie 1999, and Shugart and Carey 1992, have had considerable impact—especially on definitions and theoretical framing. Linz 1990 and Linz and Valenzuela 1994 are classical works in the field of regime types and their original claim that presidential …

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전. 반대통령제 (半大統領制, 영어: semi-presidential system) 혹은 이원행정부제 (二元行政府制, 영어: dual executive system ), 때때로 이원집정부제 (二元執政府制)는 입법부와 행정부 선거가 분리되지만, 대통령이 임명한 내각이 의회의 ...

Presidentialism, eller presidentstyre, är ett statsskick i republiker i vilken den verkställande makten är åtskild från den lagstiftande makten. I presidentiella system väljs statschefen och parlamentet var för sig och direkt av folket. Statsskicket uppstod först i USA i slutet av 1700-talet. I länder med presidentialism utgörs ofta ...

Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two.Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old …

Apr 08, 2016 · The Semi-Presidential System. The semi-presidential system was born without deliberation, and has taken hold in many significant countries. The semi-presidential concept is a new one, that can be regarded as a mixture of parliamentary and presidential principles. The typical attribute of a semi-residential system is that the elected President ...

Apr 30, 2016 · The presidential system is a form of government in which the president is the chief executive and is elected directly by the people. In this system all three branches – executive, legislative, and judiciary – are constitutionally independent of each other, and no branch can dismiss or dissolve any other. The president is responsible for…

France is a secular country and the constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The population is about 51% Roman Catholic, and 31% of people are agnostics or atheists. 5% are Muslim, 3% say they are Protestant and 1% say they are Jewish. 10% are from other religions or do not have an opinion about religion.

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Sistem presidensial atau disebut juga dengan sistem kongresional, merupakan sistem pemerintahan negara republik di mana kekuasaan eksekutif dipilih melalui pemilu dan terpisah dengan kekuasaan legislatif . Untuk disebut sebagai sistem presidensial, bentuk pemerintahan ini harus memiliki tiga ...

Ang Portugal, o opisyal na tinatawag na Republikang Portuges ( República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ] ), ay bansang matatagpuan sa timog-kanlurang Europa sa Tangway ng Iberia. Pinaka-kanluraning bansa sa Europa ang Portugal, at natatabihan ng Karagatang Atlantiko sa kanluran at timog, at ng Espanya sa hilaga at silangan.

Bán tổng thống chế hay Hệ thống bán tổng thống hoặc còn được biết như hệ thống tổng thống đại nghị hoặc hệ thống thủ tướng tổng thống ( tiếng Anh: semi-presidential system, presidential-parliamentary system, premier-presidential system) là một hệ thống chính phủ trong đó có ...

May 12, 2022 · Countries which do not fit any of the above systems (e.g. transitional governments). No government.