23 janvier : deuxième partage de la Pologne.La convention de partage de la Pologne est signée à Saint-Pétersbourg entre la Russie (Ukraine, Podolie, Volhynie et l’est de la Lituanie, soit 250 000 km 2) et la Prusse (Dantzig, Thorn et Grande-Pologne avec Poznań, soit 57 000 km 2) [14].La Pologne perd un territoire de 307 000 km 2, peuplé d’environ trois millions d’habitants.

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years. The partitions were conducted by the Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire, which divided up the …

1 February – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (soon afterwards) Spain. 11 February – French expedition to Sardinia (Expédition de Sardaigne): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia. 22 February – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican …

Arts and entertainment Books. Recovery, a Star Wars e-book; Recovery Version, a translation of the Bible with footnotes published by Living Stream Ministry; Film and television. Recovery, a 2007 BBC television drama; Recovery, a 1996 television series from ABC TV "Recovery" (), a 2012 episode of the tenth season of NCIS"Recovery", a 2013 episode of the fifth season of NCIS: Los …

The siege of Toulon (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the Federalist revolts of the French Revolutionary Wars.It was undertaken by Republican forces against Royalist rebels supported by Anglo-Spanish forces in the southern French city of Toulon.It was during this siege that young Napoleon Bonaparte first won fame and promotion …

Jane Austen (/ ˈ ɒ s t ɪ n, ˈ ɔː s-/; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique, and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.

Louis-Philippe d’Orléans, duc de Chartres, puis duc d’Orléans (1785-1790), dit Philippe d'Orléans puis Philippe Égalité après 1792, est un prince du sang français né au château de Saint-Cloud le 13 avril 1747 et mort guillotiné à Paris le 6 novembre 1793.Il est le père du roi des Français Louis-Philippe I er.. Fils de Louis-Philippe d’Orléans, duc d’Orléans, dit « le ...

An alligator is a large reptile in the Crocodilia order in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae.The two extant species are the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A. sinensis).Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the Oligocene epoch about 37 million years ago.

The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799.Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while phrases like liberté, égalité, fraternité ...

L'histoire des départements français, depuis la création des départements en 1790, résulte principalement des ajustements successifs du territoire de la France. Si de nombreux départements ont été créés à l'occasion des guerres de la Révolution française et du Premier Empire puis lors de la colonisation, la chute de l'Empire en 1814 a généralement conduit à leur …

In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (W⋅m −2).The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm −2 ⋅s −1) is often used in astronomy.Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity.

The French Revolutionary Army (French: Armée révolutionnaire française) was the French land force that fought the French Revolutionary Wars from 1792 to 1804. These armies were characterised by their revolutionary fervour, their poor equipment and their great numbers. Although they experienced early disastrous defeats, the revolutionary armies successfully …