Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is the best understood of all …

Proto-Austronesian (commonly abbreviated as PAN or PAn) is a proto-language.It is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families.Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify c. 3,500–4,000 BCE on Taiwan.. Lower-level reconstructions have also been made, and include Proto-Malayo …

The Khvalynsk culture, associated with the archaic Proto-Indo-European language, had already shown archeological evidence for the sacrifice of domesticated animals. Priesthood. The king as the high priest would have been the central figure in …

The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, …

Slavic paganism or Slavic religion is the religious beliefs, myths, and ritual practices of the Slavs before Christianisation, which occurred at various stages between the 8th and the 13th century. The South Slavs, who likely settled in the Balkan Peninsula during the 6th–7th centuries AD, bordering with the Byzantine Empire to the south, came under the sphere of influence of …

Insular Celtic hypothesis. The "Insular Celtic hypothesis" is a theory that they evolved together in those places, having a later common ancestor than any of the Continental Celtic languages such as Celtiberian, Gaulish, Galatian and Lepontic, among others, all of which are long extinct.. The proponents of the hypothesis (such as Cowgill 1975; McCone 1991, 1992; and Schrijver 1995) …

Quechua (/ ˈ k ɛ tʃ u ə /, US also / ˈ k ɛ tʃ w ɑː /; Spanish: ), usually called Runasimi ("people's language") in Quechuan languages, is an indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian Andes. Derived from a common ancestral language, it is the most widely spoken pre-Columbian language family of the Americas, with an estimated …

Expatica is the international community’s online home away from home. A must-read for English-speaking expatriates and internationals across Europe, Expatica provides a tailored local news service and essential information on living, working, and moving to your country of choice. With in-depth features, Expatica brings the international community closer together.

Proto-Uralic is the reconstructed language ancestral to the Uralic language family.The language was originally spoken in a small area in about 7000–2000 BCE, and expanded to give differentiated protolanguages.New research has pushed the Proto-Uralic homeland east of the Ural Mountains and deep into Siberia. [citation needed

The Tocharian (sometimes Tokharian) languages (/ t ə ˈ k ɛər i ə n / or / t ə ˈ k ɑːr i ə n /), also known as Arśi-Kuči, Agnean-Kuchean or Kuchean-Agnean, are an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family spoken by inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, the Tocharians. They are known from manuscripts dating from the 5th to the 8th century AD, which were found in oasis …

Vedic ṛtá and its Avestan equivalent aša are both thought by some to derive from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás "truth", which in turn may continue from a possible Proto-Indo-European * h 2 r-tós "properly joined, right, true", from a presumed root * h 2 er-. The derivative noun ṛta is defined as "fixed or settled order, rule, divine law ...

Altaic (/ æ l ˈ t eɪ. ɪ k /; also called Transeurasian) is a sprachbund (i.e. a linguistic area) and controversial proposed language family that would include the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families and possibly also the Japonic and Koreanic languages.: 73 Speakers of these languages are currently scattered over most of Asia north of 35 °N and in some eastern parts …

The Pre-Greek substrate (or Pre-Greek substratum) consists of the unknown pre-Indo-European language(s) spoken in prehistoric Greece before the coming of the Proto-Greek language in the Greek peninsula during the Bronze Age.It is possible that Greek acquired some thousand words and proper names from such a language or group of languages, because some of its …

You comes from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *juz-, *iwwiz from PIE *yu- (second person plural pronoun). Old English had singular, dual, and plural second-person pronouns. The dual form was lost by the twelfth century,: 117 and the singular form was lost by the early 1600s. The development is shown in the following table.: 117, 120, 121