In typography, a margin is the area between the main content of a page and the page edges. The margin helps to define where a line of text begins and ends. When a page is justified the text is spread out to be flush with the left and right margins. When two pages of content are combined next to each other (known as a two-page spread), the space between the two pages is known …

In mathematics, the notion of the continuity of functions is not immediately extensible to multivalued mappings or correspondences between two sets A and B.The dual concepts of upper hemicontinuity and lower hemicontinuity facilitate such an extension. A correspondence that has both properties is said to be continuous in an analogy to the property of the same name for …

Mar 02, 2021 · The second epigraph explains the title (also, perhaps, the title of the previous book). It is the well-known quote attributed to Calgacus by Tacitus, "To ravage, to slaughter, to usurp under false titles—this they name empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace." ... Slightly odd book, in a way that is difficult to define. It is ...

Josiah Willard Gibbs (/ ɡ ɪ b z /; February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous inductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he …

Examples. Clearly, the usual set closure from topology is a closure operator. Other examples include the linear span of a subset of a vector space, the convex hull or affine hull of a subset of a vector space or the lower semicontinuous hull ¯ of a function : {}, where is e.g. a normed space, defined implicitely ⁡ (¯) = ⁡ ¯, where ⁡ is the epigraph of a function .