Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, but ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion generation.

The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no colour charge, …

A linear particle accelerator (often shortened to linac) is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline.The principles for such machines were proposed by Gustav Ising in 1924, while the first machine that worked was constructed by Rolf …

In particle physics, a generation or family is a division of the elementary particles.Between generations, particles differ by their flavour quantum number and mass, but their electric and strong interactions are identical.. There are three generations according to the Standard Model of particle physics. Each generation contains two types of leptons and two types of quarks.

A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited by the uncertainty principle. [vague] The concept of virtual particles arises in the perturbation theory of quantum field theory where interactions between ordinary particles are described in terms of exchanges of virtual particles.

A list of particle accelerators used for particle physics experiments. Some early particle accelerators that more properly did nuclear physics, but existed prior to the separation of particle physics from that field, are also included.Although a modern accelerator complex usually has several stages of accelerators, only accelerators whose output has been used directly for …

A particle beam is a stream of charged or neutral particles.In particle accelerators, these particles can move with a velocity close to the speed of light.There is a difference between the creation and control of charged particle beams and neutral particle beams, as only the first type can be manipulated to a sufficient extent by devices based on electromagnetism.

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In particle physics, flavour or flavor refers to the species of an elementary particle.The Standard Model counts six flavours of quarks and six flavours of leptons.They are conventionally parameterized with flavour quantum numbers that are assigned to all subatomic particles.They can also be described by some of the family symmetries proposed for the quark-lepton …

The tau (τ), also called the tau lepton, tau particle, tauon or tau electron, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of 1 / 2.Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the tau has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite charge but equal mass and spin.

In physics, an elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same. In an ideal, perfectly elastic collision, there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms such as heat, noise, or potential energy.. During the collision of small objects, kinetic energy is first converted to potential energy associated with a ...

Spin is a conserved quantity carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles and atomic nuclei.. Spin is one of two types of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the other being orbital angular momentum.The orbital angular momentum operator is the quantum-mechanical counterpart to the classical angular momentum of orbital revolution and appears …

Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus.Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change.

Particle size analysis, particle size measurement, or simply particle sizing, is the collective name of the technical procedures, or laboratory techniques which determines the size range, and/or the average, or mean size of the particles in a powder or liquid sample.. Particle size analysis is the part of particle science, and it is generally carried out in particle technology …