Croatian (/ k r oʊ ˈ eɪ ʃ ən / (); hrvatski [xř̩ʋaːtskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries.It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union.

In sociolinguistics, a variety, also called an isolect or lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster.This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles, or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety. The use of the word "variety" to refer to the different forms avoids the use of the term language, which many people associate only with the standard …

Prekmurje Slovene, also known as the Prekmurje dialect, East Slovene, or Wendish (Slovene: prekmurščina, prekmursko narečje, Hungarian: vend nyelv, muravidéki nyelv, Prekmurje dialect: prekmürski jezik, prekmürščina, prekmörščina, prekmörski jezik, panonska slovenščina), is a Slovene dialect belonging to a Pannonian dialect group of Slovene.

Almost all of the Romance languages spoken in Italy are native to the area in which they are spoken. Apart from Standard Italian, these languages are often referred to as dialetti "dialects", both colloquially and in scholarly usage; however, the term may coexist with other labels like "minority languages" or "vernaculars" for some of them. The label "dialect" may be understood …

Aorist (/ ˈ eɪ ə r ɪ s t /; abbreviated AOR) verb forms usually express perfective aspect and refer to past events, similar to a preterite. Ancient Greek grammar had the aorist form, and the grammars of other Indo-European languages and languages influenced by the Indo-European grammatical tradition, such as Middle Persian, Sanskrit, Armenian, the South Slavic languages, and …

Swedish orthography is the set of rules and conventions used for writing Swedish.The primary authority on Swedish orthography is Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL), a spelling dictionary published annually by the Swedish Academy.The balance between describing the language and creating norms has changed with the years.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{}}, {{}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.

The medieval Roman dialect belonged to the southern family of Italian dialects, and was thus much closer to the Neapolitan language than to the Florentine. A typical example of Romanesco of that period is Vita di Cola di Rienzo ("Life of Cola di Rienzo"), written by an anonymous Roman during the 14th century. Starting with the 16th century, the Roman dialect underwent a stronger …

Romani (/ ˈ r ɒ m ə n i, ˈ r oʊ-/; also Romany, Romanes / ˈ r ɒ m ə n ɪ s /, Roma, Gypsy; Romani: rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities. According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own.The largest of these are Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers), Balkan Romani (600,000), …