Adaptive learning, also known as adaptive teaching, is an educational method which uses computer algorithms as well as artificial intelligence to orchestrate the interaction with the learner and deliver customized resources and learning activities to address the unique needs of each learner. In professional learning contexts, individuals may "test out" of some training to ensure …

A grammar teaching system provides adaptive practice to build students' grammar skills with respect to verb tense errors. The system displays a sentence to a user, and allows the user to identify the locations of verbs within the sentence and tenses of the identified verbs. The system reinforces correct designations of verbs using visual cues.

user-provided grammar, Saffron attempts to discover whether the program accepts unexpected inputs outside of the provided grammar, and if so, it repairs the grammar via grammar muta-tions. The repaired grammar serves as a speci cation of the ac-tual inputs accepted by the application. (2) Based on the re ned grammar, it generates concrete test ...

In this paper, we propose Saffron { an adaptive grammar-based fuzzing approach that aims to generate inputs that expose worst-case executions of grammar-aware applications. Saffron comple-ments existing techniques by taking a radical approach to grammar-based fuzzing. Given a user-provided grammar { which is an

1956年诺姆·乔姆斯基首次将生成文法形式化时， 他将它们分为现在称为乔姆斯基谱系的四种类型。 其中两种重要的文法类型分别是上下文无关文法（2型）和正则文法（3型）。 可以用这两种文法描述的语言分别称为上下文无关语言和正则语言。 尽管比无限制文法（0型，实际上无限制文法 …

There are two fundamental test designs in language testing: Fixed Form, and Adaptive. In a fixed form test, every test taker receives the same items (aka questions) and can be delivered on paper or computer. An adaptive test can only be delivered on a computer. The computer algorithm scores each item as the test taker answers it, then based on ...

With an adaptive test, the test taker can rise to the top of the scale based on their performance. In an adaptive test, test-takers will take various paths through the test so that cheating is much more difficult (yes, it does happen anywhere). Because the adaptive algorithm hones in on the actual level of the test taker quickly, it is able to ...

Try for free. Founded in 2004, Gymglish creates online adaptive language courses: English, French, Spanish, German, spelling, etc. We are a team of 50 people (20 nationalities and 25 languages spoken) passionate about languages and innovation. Our goal is to offer effective digital education to learners worldwide, a more enjoyable user ...

The adaptive immune system is made of specialized cells and processes which kill pathogens or prevent their attack. The adaptive immune system is switched on by the evolutionarily older innate immune system. [1] This older system is non-specific, whereas the adaptive system is tailored to specific targets. Whereas the innate immune system is ...