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Perestroika - Wikipedia
Perestroika was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the 1980s widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform. The literal meaning of perestroika is
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Xem thêmIn May 1985, Gorbachev gave a speech in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) in which he admitted the slowing of economic development, and inadequate living standards.
The program was...
Xem thêmPerestroika and Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms have similar origins but very different effects on their respective countries' economies. Both efforts occurred in large socialist
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Xem thêmOne of the final important measures taken on the continuation of the movement was a report from the central committee meeting of the CPSU titled "On Reorganization and the
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Xem thêmDuring the 1980s and 1990s the United States President George H. W. Bush pledged solidarity with Gorbachev, but never brought his
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Xem thêm• Mikhail Gorbachev on perestroika
• Chris Harman & Andy Zebrowski. Glasnost – before the storm (Summer 1988)
• Yakovlev on perestroika
• The Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union...
Xem thêm• Abalkin, Leonid Ivanovich (1986). Kursom uskoreniya [The strategy of acceleration]. Moscow: Politizdat.
• Albuquerque, Cesar (2015). Perestroika in Progress: An Analysis of the Evolution of Gorbachev's Political and Economic Thought (1984-1991) (PDF)...
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Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et dans un contexte de guerre froide, Joseph Staline considère comme un objectif diplomatique majeur de pouvoir traiter d’égal à égal avec les États-Unis. Cette égalité à atteindre n’est cependant qu’économique et militaire, car dans la politique de Staline, ni dans celle de ses successeurs jusqu’à Gorbatchev, il n’est à aucun moment question des droits et des libertés ou de la qualité de vie du citoyen. La parité nucléaireest rapidement atteinte dans le …
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Perestroika – Wikipedia
Perestroika - Wikipedia
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Perestrojka - Wikipedia
Perestroika — Vikipēdija
Perestroika - Vikipedija
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