Baryons are composite particles made of three quarks, as opposed to mesons, which are composite particles made of one quark and one antiquark. Baryons and mesons are both hadrons, which are particles composed solely of quarks or both quarks and antiquarks.The term baryon is derived from the Greek "βαρύς" (barys), meaning "heavy", because, at the time of …

These baryons (protons, neutrons, hyperons, etc.) which comprise the nucleus are called nucleons. ... List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and atomic particles; Particle zoo; Spurion – a fictitious "particle" mathematically inserted into decay in order to analyze it as though it conserved isospin. Timeline of particle discoveries;

This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance.. More specifically, the inclusion criteria are: ...

The following is a list of notable unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics.. Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result. The others are experimental, meaning that there is a difficulty in creating an experiment to test a proposed …

A quark (/ k w ɔːr k, k w ɑːr k /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.Owing to a phenomenon known as color …

Etymology. The name lepton comes from the Greek λεπτός leptós, "fine, small, thin" (neuter nominative/accusative singular form: λεπτόν leptón); the earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek ????????????, re-po-to, written in Linear B syllabic script. Lepton was first used by physicist Léon Rosenfeld in 1948:. Following a suggestion of Prof. C. Møller, I adopt ...

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories, as well as more than 100 countries. It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep …

While the future cannot be predicted with certainty, present understanding in various scientific fields allows for the prediction of some far-future events, if only in the broadest outline. These fields include astrophysics, which studies how planets and stars form, interact, and die; particle physics, which has revealed how matter behaves at the smallest scales; evolutionary biology, …

In particle physics, a meson (/ ˈ m iː z ɒ n / or / ˈ m ɛ z ɒ n /) is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually one of each, bound together by the strong interaction.Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have a meaningful physical size, a diameter of roughly one femtometre (10 −15 m), which is …

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave.It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. As Albert Einstein wrote:. It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, …