Middle English is the form of English spoken roughly from the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 until the end of the 15th century.. For centuries after the Conquest, the Norman kings and high-ranking nobles in England and to some extent elsewhere in the British Isles spoke Anglo-Norman, a variety of Old Norman, originating from a northern langue d'oïl dialect.

H-cluster reductions. Reduction of /hw/ – to /h/ in a few words (such as who), but usually to /w/, for the great majority of English speakers (so that whine comes to be pronounced the same as wine). Reduction of /hl/, /hr/ and /hn/, with the loss of the initial /h/ in Middle English. Reduction of /hj/ to /j/ in a few American and Irish dialects (so that hew is pronounced like yew).

Paleolithic era. Remains (stone tools and a skull) in central India show presence of an early species of humans, Homo erectus. Archeologists think they lived in India between 200,000 and 500,000 years ago. This period is known as the paleolithic era.. The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the paleolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley.

The history of chess goes back almost 1500 years. The game originated in northern India in the 6th century AD and spread to Persia.When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently, through the Moorish conquest of Spain, spread to Southern Europe. But in early Russia, the game came directly from the Khanates (muslim territories) to …