The x86 architecture consists of the following unprivileged integer registers. All integer registers are 32 bit. However, many of them have 16-bit or 8-bit subregisters. Ope… See more

Here is a sample debugger register display: In user-mode debugging, you can ignore the iopland the entire last line of the debugger display. See more

A conditiondescribes the state of one or more flags. All conditional operations on the x86 are expressed in te… See more

There are several different addressing modes, but they all take the form T ptr [expr], where T is some data type (see the preceding Data Types secti… See more

Load, modify, and store instructions can receive a lockprefix, which modifies the instruction as follows: 1. Before issuing the instruction, the CPU will flush all pending memory operations to ensure coherency. All data prefetches are aba… See more

The x86 architecture has several different calling conventions. Fortunately, they all follow the same register preservation and function return rules: 1. Functions must preserve all registers, except for eax, ecx, and edx, which can be cha… See more

In the preceding example, the two-letter codes at the end of the second line are flags. These are single-bit registers and have a variety of uses. Th… See more

1. byte: 8 bits
2. word: 16 bits
3. dword: 32 bits
4. qword: 64 bits (includes floating-point doubles) See more

The Pentium is dual-issue, which means that it can perform up to two actions in one clock tick. However, the rules on when it is capable of doing two action… See more

Unconditional jumps are predicted to be taken. Conditional jumps are predicted to be taken or not taken, dep… See more