The Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France.In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and led to the Coronation of Napoleon as Emperor.This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate.This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII …

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (German: Der 18te Brumaire des Louis Napoleon) is an essay written by Karl Marx between December 1851 and March 1852, and originally published in 1852 in Die Revolution, a German monthly magazine published in New York City and established by Joseph Weydemeyer.Later English editions, such as an 1869 Hamburg edition, …

The "18 Brumaire" or "Brumaire" was the coup d'état of Napoléon Bonaparte on 18 Brumaire An VIII (9 November 1799), which many historians consider to be the end of the French Revolution. Karl Marx 's 1852 essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon compares the coup d'état of 1851 of Louis Napoléon unfavorably to his uncle's earlier ...

Paris in the 18th century was the second-largest city in Europe, after London, with a population of about 600,000 people. The century saw the construction of Place Vendôme, the Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the church of Les Invalides, and the Panthéon, and the founding of the Louvre Museum.Paris witnessed the end of the reign of Louis XIV, was the center stage …

Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Laurentius of Austria, Duke of Teschen (German: Erzherzog Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.He was also the younger brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.

The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799.Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while phrases like liberté, égalité, fraternité ...

Jeanne Bécu, Comtesse du Barry (19 August 1743 – 8 December 1793) was the last maîtresse-en-titre of King Louis XV of France.She was executed, by guillotine, during the French Revolution due to accounts of treason—particularly being suspected of assisting émigrés flee from the Revolution.. In order for the king to take Jeanne as a maîtresse-en-titre, she had to be married …

The French Directory election of 1798 was held between 9 and 18 April 1798 and marked the beginning of the end of the French far-left and rise of the anti-mountain and anti-jacobin parties in France. The 1798 elections were partially invalidated by the passage of the Law of 22 Floréal Year VI which saw 106 members of the mountain lose their seats by decree of the Council of Five …

The siege of Toulon (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the Federalist revolts of the French Revolutionary Wars.It was undertaken by Republican forces against Royalist rebels supported by Anglo-Spanish forces in the southern French city of Toulon.It was during this siege that young Napoleon Bonaparte first won fame and promotion …

The Quasi-War (French: Quasi-guerre) was an undeclared naval war fought from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and the French First Republic, primarily in the Caribbean and off the East Coast of the United States.The ability of Congress to authorize military action without a formal declaration of war was later confirmed by the Supreme Court and formed the basis of …