younger futhark wikipedia - EAS
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The Younger Futhark, also called Scandinavian runes, is a runic alphabet and a reduced form of the Elder Futhark, with only 16 characters, in use from about the 9th century, after a "transitional period" during the 7th and 8th centuries. The reduction, somewhat paradoxically, happened at the same
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See moreUsage of the Younger Futhark is found in Scandinavia and Viking Age settlements abroad, probably in use from the 9th century onward. During the Migration Period Elder Futhark had been an actual "secret" known to only a
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See moreThe names of the 16 runes of the Younger futhark are recorded in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. The names are:
• ᚠ fé ("wealth")
• ᚢ úr ("iron"/"rain")
• ᚦ Thurs ("thurs", a type of entity, see jötunn)...
See moreThe Younger Futhark is divided into long-branch (Danish) and short-twig (Swedish and Norwegian) runes. The difference between the two versions has been a matter of controversy. A
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See moreMedieval
In the Middle Ages, the Younger Futhark in Scandinavia was expanded, so that it once more contained one sign for each phoneme of the old Norse language. Dotted variants of voiceless signs were introduced to denote the...
See more• Jacobsen, Lis; Moltke, Erik (1941–42). Danmarks Runeindskrifter. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaards Forlag.
• Werner, Carl-Gustav (2004). The...
See more• Runes found in the Eastern Viking
• An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions in the Younger Futhark (Nottingham University)...
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The Elder Futhark, used for writing Proto-Norse, consists of 24 runes that often are arranged in three groups of eight; each group is referred to as an Ætt (Old Norse, meaning 'clan, group'). The earliest known sequential listing of the full set of 24 runes dates to approximately AD 400 and is found on the Kylver Stone in Gotland, Sweden.
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