Edward Gibbon FRS (/ ˈ ɡ ɪ b ən /; 8 May 1737 – 16 January 1794) was an English historian, writer, and member of parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788, is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources , and its polemical criticism of organised …

Objectivity. During the Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt trial, people became aware that the court needed to identify what was an "objective historian" in the same vein as the reasonable person, and reminiscent of the standard traditionally used in English law of "the man on the Clapham omnibus". This was necessary so that there would be a legal benchmark to compare …

Explore the OLL Collection: Quotations About Liberty and Power Pufendorf on the danger of rulers confusing their own self-interest with that of the State (1695) The German philosopher of natural law Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694) was also an historian who thought that Rulers needed to be better informed about history in order to avoid confusing their own selfish …

historiography, the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. The term historiography also refers to the theory and history of historical writing.

Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, PC, FRS, FRSE (/ ˈ b æ b ɪ ŋ t ən m ə ˈ k ɔː l i /; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian and Whig politician, who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster-General between 1846 and 1848.. Macaulay's The History of England, which expressed his contention of the …

According to modern military historian, Victor Davis Hanson "most of the 18th and 19th century historians like Gibbon saw Tours as a landmark battle that marked the high tide of the Muslim advance into Europe." Leopold von Ranke felt that Tours-Poitiers "was the turning point of one of the most important epochs in the history of the world."

26-01-1996 · The sage historian, who excited the virtue of the younger Scipio and beheld the ruin of Carthage,[4] has accurately described their military system; their levies, arms, exercises, subordination, marches, encampments; and the invincible legion, superior in active strength to the Macedonian phalanx of Philip and Alexander.

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In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. ...

Peter Robert Lamont Brown FBA (born 26 July 1935) is Rollins Professor of History Emeritus at Princeton University.He is credited with having brought coherence to the field of Late Antiquity, and is sometimes regarded as the inventor of the field. His work has concerned, in particular, the religious culture of the later Roman Empire and early medieval Europe, and the relation …