serfdom in the russian empire - EAS

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    Serfdom in Russia - Wikipedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia

    The term serf, in the sense of an unfree peasant of tsarist Russia, is the usual English-language translation of krepostnoy krest'yanin (крепостной крестьянин) which meant an unfree person who, unlike a slave, historically could be sold only with the land to which he or she was "attached". Peter I

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    The term muzhik, or moujik (Russian: мужи́к, IPA: [mʊˈʐɨk]) means "Russian peasant" when it is used in English. This word was borrowed from Russian into Western languages through translations of 19th-century

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    Origins
    The origins of serfdom in Russia (крепостничество, krepostnichestvo) may be traced to the 12th century, when the exploitation of the so-called zakups on arable lands(ролейные (пашенные) закупы, roleyniye

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    Labor and obligations
    In Russia, the terms barshchina (барщина) or boyarshchina (боярщина), refer to the obligatory work that the serfsperformed for the landowner on his portion of the land (the other part of the land, usually of a poorer

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    By the mid-19th century, peasants composed a majority of the population, and according to the census of 1857, the number of private serfs was 23.1 million out of 62.5 million citizens

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    • Blum, Jerome. Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century (1961)
    • Blum, Jerome. The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe (1978) influential comparative history
    • Crisp, Olga. "The state peasants under Nicholas I." Slavonic and East

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  2. Peasant Life and Serfdom under Tsarist Russia | Guided History

    https://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/historians-craft/katherine

    Known as the Russian Empire, a term coined by Peter I the Great, this time period is an era of reform for the peasant serfs in the Russian countryside. In this research guide, the period of time attempted to be covered is between 1721, at the beginning of what is know as the Russian Empire, and the year 1861, when under the rule of czar Alexander II serfdom was abolished.

  3. Serfdom in Russia | Encyclopedia.com

    https://www.encyclopedia.com/.../serfdom-russia

    SERFDOM IN RUSSIA. SERFDOM IN RUSSIA. The origins of serfdom as a form of migration control can be seen in mid-fifteenth-century documents that restricted peasant movement to the period on or around St. George's Day in November. By the early 1580s decrees proclaiming "forbidden years," which prohibited all peasant movement for specific periods, ...

  4. Serfdom and Russian economic development | VOX, CEPR ...

    https://voxeu.org/article/serfdom-and-russian-economic-development
    • Overall, according to our counterfactual estimates, Russia would have been about twice as rich by 1913 compared to what it actually was, had it abolished serfdom in 1820 instead of 1861, as was considered by the emperor Alexander I and demanded by the ‘Decemberists’ gentry liberals. In 1913, according to Maddison (2007), Russia’s per capita GDP was $1488 (measured in 1990 US …
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    • A Life Under Russian Serfdom - Introduction - Central ...

      https://books.openedition.org/ceup/506

      3 A few words about Russian serfdom may help the reader to situate Purlevskii’s story in its proper historical context.3 In general, serfdom was a system of tangled relations between the landlords who possessed the land and the peasants who populated and worked it. These relations were characterized by a multiplicity of legal, economic, social, socio-psychological, cultural, …

    • On the Origin and Numerical Development of Serfdom in the ...

      https://www.jstor.org/stable/2338484 · PDF tệp

      1861.] DE BTuSCHEIu on Serfdom in the Russian Empire. 315 the year 1722 completed this measure, and at the same time estab-lished the right of the noble to the person of his tenant. The peasant fell into complete personal bondage. The right to levy recruits and to fix the amount of taxation were enforced without regard to the changes in the number or the

    • The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861 | History Today

      https://www.historytoday.com/archive/emancipation-russian-serfs-1861
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      In a number of respects serfdom was not dissimilar to the feudalism that had operated in many parts of pre-modern Europe. However, long before the 19th century, the feudal system had been abandoned in western Europe as it moved into the commercial and industrial age. Imperial Russia underwent no such transition. …
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    • The impact of serfdom on economic development | World ...

      https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/03/the-impact...

      01/02/2022 · Serfdom is a term that refers to an institution of forced agricultural labour that existed in the Middle Ages all over Europe. It largely disappeared in Western Europe by the early modern period, while persisting in Eastern Europe and, in …

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      • Serfdom in Russia | CourseNotes

        https://course-notes.org/taxonomy/term/1054480

        Russian Orthodox Christians. Peasant revolts. Russian Empire. House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. Tsardom of Russia. Catherine the Great. Pugachev's Rebellion. Russian nobility. Serfdom in Russia.

      • Russian Empire - Wikipedia

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire

        Though the Empire was not officially proclaimed by Tsar Peter I until after the Treaty of Nystad (1721), some historians argue that it originated when Ivan III of Russia conquered Veliky Novgorod in 1478. According to another point of view, the term Tsardom, which was used after the coronation of Ivan IV in 1547, was already a contemporary Russian word for empire.

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