X86 History It’s quite amazing that this architecture has witnessed so little (fundamental) change since the 8086 Backward compatibility Imposed early as _the_ ISA (Intel was the first company to produce a 16-bit architecture) Some argue that it’s an ugly ISA Due to it being a set of add-ons rather than a modern re-design But it’s relatively easy to implement in hardware, and Intel’s

Intel x86 Architecture Comppgz ygguter Organization and Assembly Languages Yung-Yu Chuang with slides by Kip Irvine . Intel microprocessor history. Early Intel microprocessors • Intel 8080 (1972) – 64K addressable RAM sretsig retib–8-– CP/M operating system – 5,6,8,10 MHz

x86-64 64 64 252 phys. 264 virt Note: In 2001 Intel Itanium abandoned the core x86 architecture while AMD continued with x86-64 (now called AMD64) 2004: Intel clones AMD architecture and releases 64-bit versions of Xeon, Pentium 4 and Pentium D Major Advances • The above list can be shortened if we are considering major changes only:

The x86 Architecture Robb T. Koether Overview of the x86 Architecture Instruction Format Registers Data Types The Run-time Stack Assignment The x86 Architecture Lecture 15 Intel Manual, Vol. 1, Chapter 3 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Mar 6, 2009

VAX Alpha Itanium2 x86 Word size 32 64 64 64 Architecture CISC RISC EPIC CISC* Manufacturer DEC DEC Intel Intel AMD VIA GP Registers 16 32+32(FP) 128+128(FP) 16+8(MMX)+16(XMM) Orthogonality YES YES - - Instructions ~460 ~135 ~150 >600** Addr. Modes 24 4 6 10 Instr. size 8-400 bits 32 bits 41b (3/128b) 8-120 bits

Intel 32/64-bit x86 Software Architecture AMD 32/64-bit x86 Software Architecture x86 Assembly Language Programming Protected Mode Programming PC Virtualization IO Virtualization (IOV) Computer Architectures with Intel Chipsets Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) PCI Express 2.0 USB 2.0 USB 3.0 Embedded USB 2.0 Workshop PCI PCI-X Modern DRAM ...

It should also mention any large subjects within x86, and link out to the related topics. Since the Documentation for x86 is new, you may need to create initial versions of those related topics. Examples x86 Assembly Language The family of x86 assembly languages represents decades of advances on the original Intel 8086 architecture.

Intel x86 Instruction Set Architecture Comppgz ygguter Organization and Assembly Languages Yung-Yu Chuang with slides by Kip Irvine . Data Transfers Instructions. MOVinstruction •Move from source to destination. Syntax: MOVdti tidestination, source •Source and destination have the …

Intel architecture chips have obviously undergone many changes over the past 40+ years. A list of currently available devices is available here.1 Early chips were given technical part numbers, such as 8086, 80386, or 80486. This led to the commonly used shorthand of “x86 architecture,” in reference to the last