nsf 1995 internet backbone - EAS
- The National Science Foundation announced that as of April 30, 1995 it would no longer allow direct access to the NSF backbone. The National Science Foundation contracted with four companies that would be providers of access to the NSF backbone (Merit). These companies would then sell connections to groups, organizations, and companies.www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history4.shtml
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- https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=103050
Aug 13, 2003 · In a short time, the network became congested and, by 1988, its links were upgraded to 1.5 megabits per second. A variety of regional research and education networks, supported in part by NSF, were connected to the NSFNET backbone, thus extending the Internet’s reach throughout the United States. Creation of NSFNET was an intellectual leap.
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- https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/nsf-net/textonly/maps.jsp
These four maps show, in clockwise order, the growth of the Internet from its beginning to 1995, when the NSFNET backbone was decommissioned and the private sector took over its operation. The Internet began as an experiment in computer networking by the Department of Defense (DoD) in the late 1960s.
- https://www.nsf.gov/about/history/timeline90s.jsp
1995 - April 30: NSFNET Backbone is decommissioned, a major step in the privatization of the Internet. 1996 - May 17: NSF's policy to maintain confidentiality of reviewers upheld in court. 1996 - December 3: Fastlane, NSF's on-line proposal submission and grant administration system, a major step in e-government, receives a National Information Infrastructure Award for …
NSF Shapes the Internet's Evolution | NSF - National ...
https://nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=100662&org=NSFIn addition, NSF signed a cooperative agreement to establish the next-generation very-high-performance Backbone Network Service. A more prominent milestone was the decommissioning of the NSFNET backbone in April 1995. Efforts to privatize the backbone functions had succeeded. The year 1998 marked the end of NSF's direct role in the Internet.
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