The name Catalonia — Medieval Latin: Cathalaunia; Catalan: Catalunya, spelled Cathalonia — began to be used for the homeland of the Catalans(Cathalanenses) in the late 11th century and was probably used before as a territorial

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Prehistory
The first known human settlements in what is now Catalonia were at the beginning of the Middle Paleolithic. The oldest known trace of

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Climate
The climate of Catalonia is diverse. The populated areas lying by the coast in Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona provinces feature a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (KöppenCsa). The inland part (including the

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A highly industrialized land, the nominal GDP of Catalonia in 2018 was €228 billion (second after the community of Madrid, €230 billion) and the per

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As of 2017, the official population of Catalonia was 7,522,596. 1,194,947 residents did not have Spanish citizenship, accounting for about 16% of the population.

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Art and architecture
Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. Catalan painters

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After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered and extended the powers that it had gained in the Statute of Autonomy of 1932 but lost with the fall of the Second Spanish Republicat

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