The history of Nintendo begins in 1889, founded to produce handmade hanafuda playing cards. In the mid-1900s, the company licensed third-party card graphics, such as Disney characters. In the 1960s, it expanded into

During the 1960s,Nintendo struggled to survive in the Japanese toy industry, which was still small at this point, and already dominated by already well

• Sheff, David (1993). Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children. New York, New York: Random House. ISBN 0-7881-6320-5.
• Gorges, Florent; Isao Yamazaki (2010). The History of Nintendo:

In 1949, Hiroshi Yamauchi attended Waseda University in Tokyo. However, after his grandfather died he left to take office as the president of Nintendo. In 1950, he renamed Marufuku Co.

In 1972, the first commercially available video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, has a light gun accessory, the Shooting Gallery. This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the International Journal of

• History of Nintendo article at Gameplayer