The history of external colonisation of Africa can be dated back from ancient, medieval, or modern history, depending on how the term colonisation is defined.
Ancient Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Malays all established

Established empires, notably Britain, France, Spain and Portugal had already claimed coastal areas but had not penetrated deeply inland. Europeans controlled one tenth of Africa, primarily along the Mediterranean and in the far South. A significant early

The theory of colonialism addresses the problems and consequences of the colonisation of a country, and there has been much research conducted exploring these concepts.

North Africa experienced colonisation from Europe and Western Asia in the early historical period, particularly Greeks and Phoenicians

Early European expeditions by the Portuguese concentrated on colonising previously uninhabited islands such as the Cape Verde Islands

Khapoya notes the significant resistance of powers faced to their domination in Africa. Technical superiority enabled conquest and control. Pro-independence Africans recognised the

• Economic history of Africa
• Neocolonialism
• Third world
• White African