Description [ edit] According to Steven Schafersman, naturalism is a philosophy that maintains that; "Nature encompasses all that exists throughout space and time; Nature (the universe or cosmos) consists only of natural elements, that is, of spatio-temporal physical substance— mass – energy. Non-physical or quasi-physical substance, such ...

naturalism, in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the universe (whatever their inherent character may be) are natural. …

Naturalism. 1. Ontological Naturalism. 1.1 Making a Causal Difference. 1.2 Modern Science and Causal Influence. 1.3 The Rise of Physicalism. 1.4 Reductive and Non-Reductive Physicalism. …

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From …

Henry David Thoreau was an American philosopher, essayist, poet, and naturalist. He is credited with popularizing transcendentalism and simple living. His philosophy of civil disobedience, …

Methodological naturalists (M-naturalists) view philosophy as continuous with empirical inquiry in the sciences. Some M-naturalists want to replace conceptual and justificatory theories with …

Notes to Naturalism. Notes to. Naturalism. 1. A number of contemporary meta-ethicists, however, do identify themselves as “non-naturalists” about moral facts (Enoch 2011, Parfit 2011, …