Trenching and excavation work presents serious hazards to all workers involved. Cave-ins pose the greatest risk and are more likely than some other excavation-related incidents to result in worker fatalities. One cubic yard of soil can weigh as much as a car. An unprotected trench can be an early grave. Employers must

Trenching and Excavation; Preventing Fatalities. Despite its high fatality rate, construction can be a safe occupation when workers are aware of the hazards, and their employer implements an effective Safety and Health Program. There are numerous hazards that can lead to serious injury in the construction industry.

In construction terms, excavation is the process of removing earth to form a cavity in the ground. On small sites or in confined spaces, excavation may be carried out by manual means using tools such as picks, shovels and wheelbarrows. Larger scale excavation works will require heavy plant such as bulldozers and backactors.

Definition of Batter in Construction To batter a wall or an excavation is to angle the slopes of the excavation or the wall at an angle greater than 90 degrees. The battering of a retaining wall means that the face of the wall will slope away from the front of the wall and towards the material being retained or held back.

maintained by the Materials and Pavements Section of the Construction Division. 36. Median. The portion of a divided highway separating the traffic lanes in opposite directions. 37. Milestone Date. The date that a specific portion of the work is to be completed, before the completion date for all work under the Contract. 38. National Holiday.

Apr 15, 2021 · 3. Excavation plans. Excavation plan drawings show the dimensions of the future excavation on the project site. The drawings might specify how the excavation should occur, such as through trenching or tunneling. The depth, width and length of excavation depend on the particular project and site.

Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations, and comes from Latin constructio (from com-"together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. To construct is the verb: the act of building, and the noun is construction: how something is built, the nature of its structure.. In its most widely used …

Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. In Europe it is often viewed as either a discipline in its own …

Construction employers must comply with Cal/OSHA regulations found in the following subchapters of California Code of Regulations, title 8, chapter 4: subchapter 4 (Construction Safety Orders); subchapter 5 (Electrical Safety Orders); and subchapter 7 (General Industry Safety Orders). The table below allows employers and employees to access ...

Equipment required for construction of shallow foundation are simple and also less costly. Shallow foundations can be constructed in a short time, which also helps in reducing the cost of hiring equipment and labor. Construction of shallow foundations would cause lesser disturbance to geo-surface and hence good for ecology and environment.