On 13 March 1815, six days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw. Four days later, the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, and Prussiamobilised armies to

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Three armies participated in the battle: Napoleon's Armée du Nord, a multinational army under Wellington, and a Prussian army under Blücher.
The French army of

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The Waterloo position was a strong one. It consisted of a long ridge running east–west, perpendicular to, and bisected by, the main road to

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Waterloo cost Wellington around 15,000 dead or wounded and Blücher some 7,000 (810 of which were suffered by just one unit: the 18th Regiment, which served in Bülow's 15th Brigade, had

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Historical importance
Waterloo proved a decisive battle in more than one sense. Each generation in Europe up to the outbreak of the

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Battlefield today
Some portions of the terrain on the battlefield have been altered from their 1815 appearance.

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Preparation
Wellington rose at around 02:00 or 03:00 on 18 June, and wrote letters until dawn. He had earlier written to Blücher confirming that he would

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