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Common cause and special cause (statistics) - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Common_cause_and_special_cause_(statistics)Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming.Briefly, "common causes", also called natural patterns, are the usual, historical, quantifiable variation in a system, while "special causes" are unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation.