In the summer of 1299, the Mongols under Ghazan successfully took the northern city of Aleppo and defeated the Mamluks in the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (also known as the 3rd Battle of Homs), on December 23 or 24, 1299. One group of Mongols under the command of the Mongol general Mulay then split off from Ghazan's army, and pursued the retreating Mamluk troops as …

Osmanien valtakunta (osmaniksi دولتِ عَليه عُثمانيه, Devlet-i Âliye-i Osmâniyye, turk. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu; myös Osmanivaltio, Osmanien imperiumi, Ottomaanien imperiumi, Ottomaanien valtakunta, Turkin sulttaanikunta tai Turkki) oli vuosina 1299–1923 vallinnut imperiumi.Osmanit olivat muslimeja, mutta valtakuntaan kuului monia kansoja, jotka saivat säilyttää oman ...