The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English it reflects his taking of the title augustus (and later basileus).

The ceremonies and festivities accompanying a formal entry by a ruler or his representative into a city in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period in Europe were known as the Royal Entry, Triumphal Entry, or Joyous Entry. The entry centred on a procession carrying the entering prince into the city, where he was greeted and paid appropriate homage by the civic authorities, …

Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939). It became part of the short-lived North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal …

Mass is the main Eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity.The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church, in the Western Rite Orthodox, in Old Catholic, and in Independent Catholic churches. The term is used in some Lutheran churches, as well as in some Anglican churches. The term is also used, on rare occasion, by other Protestant churches.

Advent is a Christian season of preparation for the Nativity of Christ at Christmas.It is the beginning of the liturgical year in Western Christianity.. The name was adopted from Latin adventus "coming; arrival", translating Greek parousia.In the New Testament, this is the term used for the Second Coming of Christ.Thus, the season of Advent in the Christian calendar …

Constantine I (Latin: Flavius Valerius Constantinus; Ancient Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanized: Konstantinos; 27 February c. 272 – 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, and the first to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea (now Niš, Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Constantius, a Roman army …

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge took place between the Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius on 28 October 312. It takes its name from the Milvian Bridge, an important route over the Tiber.Constantine won the battle and started on the path that led him to end the Tetrarchy and become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.Maxentius drowned in the Tiber during the battle; …

Imperial ceremonial – notably the Imperial adventus or ceremony of arrival, which derived in greater part from the Triumph – was embedded within Roman culture, Church ceremony and the Gospels themselves. The last Western divus was probably Libius Severus, who died in 465 AD. Very little is known about him.

Pope Adrian IV (Latin: Adrianus IV; born Nicholas Breakspear (or Brekespear); c. 1100 – 1 September 1159, also Hadrian IV), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159. He is the only Englishman to have been pope. Adrian was born in Hertfordshire, England, but little is known of his early life.

Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a Roman Catholic church in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris, and is the seat of the Bishop of Chartres.Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands on the site of at least five cathedrals that have occupied the site since …