Alexander Vovin (1993) argues that the Ainu languages originated in Central Honshu, and were later pushed northwards into Hokkaido, were the early Ainu-speakers merged with local groups, forming the historical Ainu ethnicity. Bilingualism between Ainu and Japanese was common in Tohoku until the 10th century.

Alexander Vovin compared it with Middle Mongolian qoto-n and Manchu hoton 'fortified town', but with lenition of t as in Korean. Chapter 100 of the Book of Wei (mid-6th century) gives 謁奢 ʔjot-syæ 'big elder brother' and 太奢 thaj H-syae 'little elder brother'.

Alexander Vovin and James Marshall Unger argue that the Han languages were Japonic, and were replaced by Koreanic Puyŏ languages in the 4th century. Some authors believe that the Puyŏ languages belong to the Tungusic family. Others believe that there is insufficient evidence to support a classification.

Alexander Vovin: Is Japanese related to Austronesian? In: Oceanic Linguistics. Bd. 33/2, 1994, S. 368–390. Sprachzertifizierung. JLPT – Japanese Language Proficiency Test; T.JL – Test of Japanese as Foreign Language; JETRO-Test – Business Japanese Proficiency Test; Weblinks

Nach Aussagen des Linguisten Alexander Vovin gab es Ende der 1980er Jahre nur noch 15 kompetente ältere Ainu-Sprecher, so dass die Sprache heute als nahezu ausgestorben gelten muss. Allerdings gibt es Tendenzen zu einer Revitalisierung. Der Name Ainu ist eine Selbstbezeichnung und bedeutet Mensch.

Cette publication n'a cependant pas modifié les opinions des principaux participants au débat, lequel se poursuit aujourd'hui – ex. Stefan Georg 2004 [25] et 2005 [26], Alexander Vovin 2005 [27] (défavorables à la théorie de l'altaïque comme famille de langues) ; Sergueï Starostine 2005 [28], Václav Blažek 2006 [29], Martine Robbeets ...

Japonais 日本語 (nihongo)Pays Japon: Nombre de locuteurs environ 128 millions (2020) Nom des locuteurs Nipponophones Typologie: SOV, agglutinante, accusative, morique, à accent de hauteur: Écriture Kanjis et kanas (hiraganas et katakanas) : Classification par famille