In the United States and Canada, the modern law governing monopolies and economic competitionis called by its original name, "antitrust law". The term "antitrust" came from late 19th-century industrialists' practice of

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Creation and early years (1890–1910s)
American antitrust law was formally created in 1890 with the U.S. Congress's passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Using broad language "unequaled in its generality", the Sherman Act outlawed "monopoliz[ation]" and

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Preventing collusion and cartels that act in restraint of tradeis an essential task of antitrust law. It reflects the view that each business has a duty to act independently on the market, and so earn

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The law's treatment of monopolies is potentially the strongest in the field of antitrust law. Judicial remedies can force large organizations to be

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Antitrust laws do not apply to, or are modified in, several specific categories of enterprise (including sports, media, utilities, health care, insurance, banks, and financial markets) and for several kinds of actor (such as employees or consumers taking

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The remedies for violations of U.S. antitrust laws are as broad as any equitable remedythat a court has the power to make, as well as being able to impose penalties. When

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Although the Sherman Act 1890initially dealt, in general, with cartels (where businesses combined their activities to the detriment of others) and monopolies (where one business was

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