A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as "their tribunal." Many governmental bodies that are titled as "tribunals" are described so in order to …

In the field of mathematical modeling, a radial basis function network is an artificial neural network that uses radial basis functions as activation functions. ... Cerebellar model articulation controller; Instantaneously trained neural networks; References Further reading. J. Moody and C. J. Darken, "Fast learning in networks of locally tuned ...

Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music. The Oxford Companion to Music describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory". The first is the "rudiments", that are needed to understand music notation (key signatures, time signatures, and rhythmic notation); the second is learning scholars' views on music from antiquity to the present; the …

In articulatory phonetics, the manner of articulation is the configuration and interaction of the articulators (speech organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound.One parameter of manner is stricture, that is, how closely the speech organs approach one another. Others include those involved in the r-like sounds (taps and trills), and the sibilancy of …

The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law.It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers …

National Insurance (NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom.It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their families.. Introduced by the National Insurance Act 1911 and expanded by the Labour government in 1948, the system has been subjected to …

In musical terminology, tempo (Italian, 'time'; plural tempos, or tempi from the Italian plural) is the speed or pace of a given piece.In classical music, tempo is typically indicated with an instruction at the start of a piece (often using conventional Italian terms) and is usually measured in beats per minute (or bpm). In modern classical compositions, a "metronome mark" in beats per minute ...

In education, a curriculum (/ k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə m /; PL: curricula / k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə / or curriculums) is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ m æ n ˈ d ɛ l ə /; Xhosa: [xolíɬaɬa mandɛ̂ːla]; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the ...

The moderate variety tended to be deistic, whereas the radical tendency separated the basis of morality entirely from theology. Both lines of thought were eventually opposed by a conservative Counter-Enlightenment, which sought a return to faith. In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of philosophic and scientific activity challenging ...