Cattle were originally identified as three separate species: Bos taurus, the European or "taurine" cattle (including similar types from Africa and Asia); Bos indicus, the Indicine or "zebu"; and the extinct Bos primigenius, the

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Cattle did not originate as the term for bovine animals. It was borrowed from Anglo-Normancatel, itself from medieval Latin capitale 'principal

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In general, the same words are used in different parts of the world, but with minor differences in the definitions. The terminology described here contrasts the differences in definition

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In laboratory studies, young cattle are able to memorize the locations of several food sources and retain this memory for at least 8 hours, although this declined after 12 hours. Fifteen-month-old heifers learn more quickly than adult cows which have had either one or two

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In cattle, temperament can affect production traits such as carcass and meat quality or milk yield as well as affecting the animal's overall health and reproduction. Cattle

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Cattle use all of the five widely recognized sensory modalities. These can assist in some complex behavioural patterns, for example, in grazing behaviour. Cattle eat mixed diets, but when given the opportunity, show a partial preference of approximately 70% clover

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Anatomy
Cattle are large quadrupedal ungulate mammals with cloven hooves. Most breeds have horns,

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