Functions of a central bank usually include:
• Monetary policy: by setting the official interest rate and controlling the money supply;
• Financial stability: acting as a government's

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Central banks implement a country's chosen monetary policy.
Currency issuance
At the most basic level, monetary policy involves establishing what

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In some countries a central bank, through its subsidiaries, controls and monitors the banking sector. In other countries banking supervision is carried out by a government department such as the

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Numerous governments have opted to make central banks independent. The economic logic behind central bank independence is that when governments delegate monetary policy

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There is no standard terminology for the name of a central bank, but many countries use the "Bank of [Country]" form—for example: Bank of Canada, Bank of Mexico,

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• List of central banks
• History of central banking in the United States
• Fractional-reserve banking

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Early history
The use of money as a unit of account predates history. Government control of money is documented in the ancient Egyptianeconomy (2750–2150 BCE). The Egyptians measured the value of goods with a central unit called

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