Couronian colonisation refers to the colonisation efforts of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (today part of Latvia), a vassal state of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.Small, but wealthy, the Duchy took a modest part in the European colonization settlement attempts of West Africa and the Caribbean

Colonization of Antarctica refers to establishment of civilian settlements in Antarctica having humans, including families, living on the continent of Antarctica.Currently, the continent hosts only two civilian colonies, the Argentinian-administered Esperanza Base and Chilean-administered Villa Las Estrellas, as well as about 70 scientific and military bases with a largely temporary …