Cantabria (/ k æ n ˈ t eɪ b r i ə /, also UK: /-ˈ t æ b-/, Spanish: [kanˈtaβɾja], Cantabrian: [kanˈtaβɾja]) is an autonomous community in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city. It is called a comunidad histórica, a historic community, in its current Statute of Autonomy. It is bordered on the east by the Basque autonomous community (province of Biscay), on the south by ...

Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.A constitution hallmark of Spanish liberalism was proclaimed in 1812. Spain was divided between the liberal ideas and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only …